Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. Art. Collected in-person: Yes (Neb. Art. Art. If both are approved, the one receiving the greatest number of affirmative votes prevails (34 Okl.St.Ann. Which election: Next succeeding general election, except when the legislature shall order a special election (Const. Voters may only vote once in an election. Art. 46. Utah: For indirect initiatives, the legislature may make technical changes only, and prepare a legislative review note and a legislative fiscal note on the law proposed by the initiative petition. The sponsor may file a written notice to withdraw the initiative with the secretary of state. direct democracy, also called pure democracy, forms of direct participation of citizens in democratic decision making, in contrast to indirect or representative democracy. Eighteen states require proponents to file application materials with the states secretary of state: Two states require proponents to file application materials with the lieutenant governor: Five states require proponents to file application materials with the attorney general: Four states require filing with another entity: None listed, but must register organization with board of elections. Art. Committee must create a "top funders sheet" that is included as part of the petition. Must contain only subjects that are related or mutually dependent. Out-of-state committees that make expenditures supporting or opposing ballot propositions in Washington are required to file reports. 3519.01). Art. IV, 1(3)). If you voted for a Republican for president and a Democrat for senator, you engaged in 22-24-412). No. Payment on a per-signature basis prohibited. What is on each petition: Petition format is addressed in Mo.Rev.Stat. 2, Sec. Art. Application process information: No fees or application, Where to file with: Secretary of state (M.C.L.A. Application process information: Petition must be presented to secretary of state for approval as to form. Art. Art. 34-1804, 34-1809). 19, 2). V, 3). V, 3). Considered a committee if individual raises or spends more than $5,000. 1-40-106; 1-40-107; 1-40-108. 353), What is on each petition: Fiscal impact statement, summary by secretary of state, name of circulator and statement on right of signer to read summary and fiscal statement before signing, and instructions from secretary of state (21-A MRSA 901, 903). Voters were asked whether to give the Federal Government the power to make special laws for Indigenous Australians in states, and whether in population counts for constitutional purposes to include all Indigenous Australians. However, the bans in North Dakota and Oregon were upheld by federal circuit courts. Legislature or other government official review: Legislature reviews the measure as submitted to it by the proponents. 3, 17(2)). Art. What is on each petition: Full text of proposed amendment for amendments, a prescribed warning, and follow other guidelines such as form (M.C.L.A. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (AS 15.45.340(c)). In order to suspend effectiveness of the act pending a vote, signature requirement is 10% (Const. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but may not be limited to regulations on contributions, deadlines for filing reports, airing electioneering advertisements, statements, political communications, solicitation from certain groups and expenditures (O.R.C. Art. preliminary filing of a proposed petition with a designated state official; review of the petition for conformance with statutory requirements and, in several states, a review of the language of the proposal; preparation of a ballot title and summary; circulation of the petition to obtain the required number of signatures of registered voters, usually a percentage of the votes cast for a statewide office in the preceding general election; and. To save this word, you'll need to log in. 4, Pt. 3, 52(c)(ii). d. increases the coattail effect during midterm elections, 28. Geographic distribution: In each of two-thirds of the congressional districts, and each petition page must only contain signatures from a singular county (V.A.M.S. Reports of contributions received, and expenditures made must be filed at least seven days before any primary, special or general election (Wyo. III, 4), Timeline for taking effect: Ten days (Ne.Rev.St. 1-40-105). Most states also include requirements for verifying the authenticity of signatures. Const. Fiscal statement is included in voter pamphlet as is other information. Const. 6, 22), Other Subject restrictions: No restrictions (See U.C.A. Art. II, 1g and O.R.C. This was held to be constitutional. 3519.05; 3501.38; OH Const. Art. 3, 8). Which election is a measure on: At general elections, except when a special election is ordered by the legislature (V.A.M.S. In a(n) _________, only members of the political party selecting nominees may vote. Art. Must file a statement of organization as a political committee within two weeks of organizing or within two weeks of the date the first contribution or expenditure is expected. To remove prohibition against counting Aboriginal people in population counts in the Commonwealth or a State.". Withdrawal of petition: May be withdrawn by any of the people authorized to do so at the time of filing; withdrawal is made via a form prescribed by the secretary of state (NRS 295.026). Petition title and summary creation: Within 15 days of the issuance of the certificate of review by the attorney general, petitioners file the measure with the secretary of state, who forwards it to the attorney general, who has 10 days to draft a title (IC 34-1809(2)). 100.371). The power to make laws in relation to Aboriginal people remained with the States. Art. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. 32-1407), Submission deadline of signatures: Four months prior to the general election (Neb. For constitutional amendments, from 44 of 88 counties, signatures from 5 % of the votes cast for governor in each county in previous election (OH Const. 901 and 1 M.R.S.A. Number of signatures required: Ten % of votes cast for all candidates for governor in previous election for statutes. Law 6-204(c)). 21). Petition title and summary creation: Secretary of state provides serial number, and attorney general writes a title posed as a question and summary (Miss. Const. 187; Okl.St.Ann. Reports of contributions received and expenditures made must be filed at least seven days before any primary, special or general election. Which of the following has increased the ability of candidates to raise small contributions from tens of Proponents must file reports of payments made to signature gatherers (IC 67-6612). Art. c. pocket veto effect. (NDCC Const. Registration is made on a form prescribed by the secretary of state and includes the ballot question or title of the measure for which the organizer will receive compensation, contact information, the name and signature of a designated agent and a list of the names of all people hired to circulate petitions and the manner in which they are compensated (21-A MRS 903-C). Const. 1953 20A-7-203). Provisional ballots are ballots cast by voters who: Believe they are registered to vote even though their . What is on each petition: Must follow form per statute, include full text of the measure, follow paper requirements, and printing instructions and internet posting requirements (MCA 13-27-201; 13-27-202; 13-27-204; 13-27-207). Prov., Pt. Code 13-309). IV, 1). Art. Attorney general writes title and summary if original is challenged in court. 3, 2). Bans on payment-per-signature have met with mixed results in the courts. b. the duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr in 1803 116.030). Art. 10% of the votes cast in last general election, 10% of the total number of votes cast in the last general election, or 25% to suspend operation of the act until the election, 2% of the residential population according to the last federal decennial census, 6% of the total votes cast for the office of governor in the last election, 5% of votes cast for governor in the last election, 4% of the votes cast for all candidates for governor at the last election, 5% of the total votes cast for governor at the last election, 8% of the active voters in the state on Jan. 1 following the last regular general election, Const. 3, 18). Art. 19, 3; Art. Must register organization (5 ILCS 20, 10 ILCS 5/28-9). Twenty-four states have citizen initiative processes. Legislature may amend initiative after two years. Application process information: Proponents submit petition signed by 20 voters. IV, pt. Proponent organization and requirements: Application must contain the names and addresses of at least five sponsors, certification that each sponsor is a registered voter in Utah and has voted in a regular general election in the last three years, the notarized signature of each sponsor and a copy of the law (Utah Code 20A-7-302). In order for a referendum to be successful, it must achieve a double majority of votes for 'yes' both overall and in each state. The circulator must also register with the secretary of state and complete a training program specified by the secretary (OR Rev. Four states require training for circulators: Twenty-two states (all except Massachusetts) require circulators or proponents to sign affidavits or other sworn statements as to the accuracy or authenticity of the petitions. b. (Const. 21 1). 116.334). Governor may call a special statewide election for the measure (Cal.Const. Law 6-201 and -202, Massachusetts: Const. From at least 15 of 29 senate districts, signatures equal to 8% of the number of active voters in the county on Jan. 1 following the last regular general election. 3; Const. Code 9030). Next general election at least 31 days after the measure qualifies or at a special statewide election held prior to that general election; the governor may call a special statewide election for the measure. Must be projected to be at least 95 % accurate (10 ILCS 5/28-11, 5/28-12, 5/28-13). Either way, the measure is put before the people (MS Const. Art. For indirect initiatives, about nine months (proposed measure submitted within 10 months of the session it is to be submitted at with a deadline of 10 days before the session) (RCWA 29A.72.030). 2, 10), the legislature cannot change or alter measures on its own and must resubmit changes to the people unless the original measure passed by voters waived this requirement. Art. XVI, 3). Paid per signature: The 2017 ban on paying circulators per signature was overturned in May 2022. Legislature or other government official review: Upon request, the legislative service office or any agency in the executive department shall render assistance in reviewing and preparing comments on the proposed bill. Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: There must be at least 60 days between submission of the petition and the election (Const. 2, Sec. What is on each petition: Petition must include title of the act, and if only a portion of the act is sought to be referred, the number of the section or sections or portion of sections of the act designating such portion (Const. Rev. In election years, instead of biannual reports, reports are due no later than the second Monday in April, May, September and October, and no later than the Thursday before an election. V, 3 and OK Stat. 12, 2), Collected in-person: In the presence of the circulator (M.C.L.A. Petition sheets also always include space for signatures. Art. Where to file with: Attorney general and secretary of the commonwealth once approved (M.G.L.A. Washington requires 60 percent approval for laws authorizing gambling or lotteries (Washington Const. Public review or notice: Secretary of state prepares and distributes voter pamphlets to each household in the state and other locations (RCWA 29A.32.010; 29A.32.031; 29A.32.040; 29A.32.070; 29A.32.080). Art. Const. Geographic distribution: No more than one-quarter of signatures may come from a single county (M.G.L.A. a. proportional representation In odd-numbered years, year-end reports are required (SDCL 12-27-22). Stat. Art. Three% of votes cast for governor at preceding biennial state election to submit to the legislature. Majority to pass: Yes (M.C.L.A. County recorder or justice of the peace. Proponent organization and requirements: Must sign affidavit and must refile after recommendations (RCWA 29A.72.010; 43.07.120; 29A.72.020; 29A.72.040). Timeline for taking effect: When approved by a majority of voters (Const. II, 1c). c. donations to a challenger. XVI, 5(b). 3, 8). Number of signatures required: For statutory, 5 % of total vote for governor in the last election in each of two-thirds of the state's congressional districts. can tune out. 3, 52(e) and Wyo. Laws authorizing any classification of property for the purpose of levying different rates of taxation thereon or of authorizing the levy of any single tax on land or land values or land sites at a higher rate or by a different rule than is or may be applied to improvements thereon or to personal property. Additional signatures are needed then. 8. St. 32-1407). Const. Art. Collected in-person: Yes (Elec. b. majority system XVI, 1 and Elec. Art. Timeline for collecting signatures: Twelve months. Art. V 1). 168.22e; 168.476; 168.477; 168.480, Montana: MCA 13-27-401; 13-27-402; 13-27-410; 13-27-311, Nebraska: Neb. A __________ is a media format where candidates meet with ordinary citizens, without the input of Withdrawal process of individual signature: Any signer may remove their signature at any time before the petition is filed by striking it out on the petition (ORC 3501.38(H)). Art. a. Al Gore and Bill Bradley in 2000 Which election is a measure on: General election, but governor and legislature may call special elections (U.C.A. 295.012; 293.127563; Angle v. Miller, 2010, 722 F.Supp.2d 1206. St. 32-1405). III, 3; Bernbeck v. Gale, 59 F.Supp.3d 949 (2014); 829 F.3d 643, United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit. The referendum's difficult procedure is in place to protect it and ensure that it is not easily changed. Circulator requirements: Must be age 18 or older, registered with secretary of state and signed affidavit (A.R.S. Stat. 24 states have the popular referendum. Thirty percent in Massachusetts (Massachusetts Constitution 48, Init., Pt. 5, 1). 3, 1). Ballot title and summary: Full text is printed on the ballot if it is 200 words or less; if it is more than 200 words, secretary of state drafts a title. Timeline for collecting signatures: If the petitions were filed at least 165 days before the election and the signatures are deemed insufficient, they may collect more (O.R.S. 7-9-104; 7-9-108), General review of petition: Exact petition copy filed with secretary of state and approval of title by attorney general (A.C.A. 3, 9; 2011 N.D. Op.Atty.Gen. Reports of contributions and expenditures must be filed no later than the eighth day before the election, the 30th day after an election and the 15th day following the close of each calendar quarter. Const. 1953 20A-7-206; 20A-7-206.3; 20A-7-207). Conflicting measures: The measure receiving largest number of affirmative votes is enacted (M.G.L.A. Amending or diverting funds from a referendum measure requires a three-fourths vote of the members of each house of the legislature, and the amendment must further the purposes of the measure (Const. Code 84200.8). Collected in-person: Yes (Const. Const. 116.080). Which of the following does not require a collection of registered voters signatures in order to be placed on the ballot? It fails to qualify if under 90% and qualifies if at least 100%. 23-17-43. The attorney general submits a draft ballot title and the public may submit written comments in regard to it, which the attorney general may use to revise the title (O.R.S. 116.320). The chief petitioners may withdraw at any time before submitting the total number of signatures for verification. IV, 1(4)). If the total signatures meet 90-100% of the requirement, the county clerk(s) check all of the signatures until 100% is reached. Proponent organization and requirements: Petition sponsors may not gather signatures without first forming a ballot issue committee (Elec. 72.050 and .060). What is on each petition: Full text of the measure, follow prescribed form, signatures, warning, fiscal impact and a simple statement of the gist of the proposition (OK Const. The parties take a list of issues and concerns and frames the election around the platform. Some of the most common reasons to cast a provisional ballot include: The REFERENDUM allows citizens, through the petition process, to refer acts of the Legislature to the ballot before they become law. Ballot title and summary: The title of the statute or resolution must be set out on the ballot, and the question printed upon the ballot for the information of the voters must be as follows: Shall the statute (setting out its title) be approved? (NRS 295.045). States with geographic requirements that use entities that are unequal in population, such as counties or even state legislative districts, are more likely to have the requirement challenged in court. 19-121). 354). Art. Must also meet conditional certification (W.S.1977 22-24-304; 22-24-308). Art. III, 52(a) and Mo.Rev.Stat. The first state to adopt the initiative was South Dakota in 1898. Referendum. Other subject restrictions: Cannot "pass a law authorizing any classification of property for the purpose of levying different rates of taxation thereon or of authorizing the levy of any single tax on land or land values or land sites at a higher rate or by a different rule than is or may be applied to improvements thereon or to personal property" (OH Const. 5, 1). III, 5(1)). Const. General election, or at a special election ordered by the general assembly. A handful require that each signature be individually verified, including Nebraska (NRS 32-1409), Ohio (ORC 3519.15), Oklahoma (OK Stat. 48, Pt. Art. Art. Which election: Biennial regular election (IC 34-1803). Art. XVI, 1; Art. Candidates can use social media as a way of reaching voters. 130.046). For instance, changes to the state constitution must be approved by voters before they can take effect. In calendar quarters with an election, additional reports are due 10 days before the election and 15 days after the election. 6, Gen. II, 1b and 1g; O.R.C. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Any person who alleges they signed as a result of fraud, coercion, or being intentional misleading as to the substance or effect of the petition, may withdraw their signature by filing an affidavit with the secretary of state any time before the secretary of state has accepted and filed the petition (Miss. 3, 6). III, 3) and at least 18 years of age (NDCC 16.1-01-09(4)). Some states have what's called an indirect initiative process. Const. Cannot have had a civil or criminal penalty for a violation of election code in the last five years; been convicted of treason or a felony and not restored civil rights; been convicted of any criminal offense involving fraud, forgery or identity theft. c. phone banks 17. Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Have 120 days before election for amendments, and 160 days before an election and not less than 10 days before legislative session for statutes (M.C.L.A. IV, 1, Pt. Submission deadline for signatures: By 5 p.m. not more than 90 days after final adjournment of the legislative session at which the bill was passed (Const. Two-thirds vote (or majority after seven years). Wyoming: Const. If petition is insufficient, sponsors have 30 days to solicit and obtain additional signatures, submit proof to show that rejected signatures are valid or make the petition more definite and certain. Which election is a measure on: Next state election (M.G.L.A. 14, 9). Also requires full disclosure of campaign staffers. II, 1g and ORC 3501.38). From official summary date by attorney general, 180 days to collect and must be filed at least 131 days prior to the next general election the measure is to be voted on. Code Ann. Const. 1953 20A-7-203; 20A-1-307), Circulator oaths or affidavits: Yes (U.C.A. Repeal or change restrictions: May repeal or alter a statute at any time. Application process information: For statutory indirect initiatives, proponents must file a copy of the text with the secretary of state no earlier than Jan. 1 of the year preceding the year in which a regular session of the legislature is held. 74). Although voters overwhelming voted yes, the question was non-binding and the governor and legislature were not obligated to act upon the measure. Art. M.G.L.A. Art. No filing fee is specified (Mo.Rev.Stat. What Is Brexit? That makes a total of 24 states with an initiative process. May amend the initiative with three-fourths vote, but may only amend to further the purpose of the measure. Preference cookies enable a website to remember information that changes the way the website behaves or looks, like your preferred language or the region that you are in. Const. The popular referendum process allows voters to approve or repeal an act of the legislature. Who creates petitions: The secretary of state prepares five camera-ready copies of the petition for the sponsors (NRS 32-1405). Subject restrictions: Cannot be used on laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety, and appropriations for the support and maintenance of the departments of state and state institutions (Const. 19, 2; N.R.S. Code 82013, 84101, 84107, 84200, 84200.8, 84202.3 and Elec. File a letter with secretary of state, signed by designated representatives, no later than 60 days prior to the election. Art. Ethics Commission rules 2.79, 2.80, 2.103, 2.109, 2.122. Ballot title and summary: Secretary of state in consultation with the attorney general, but the full text of the measure is included if it is not too long (NDCC, 16.1-06-09).
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